Rubik's Cube is
a 3-D combination puzzle invented in 1974 by
Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő
Rubik. Originally called the Magic Cube, the puzzle was licensed by
Rubik to be sold by Ideal Toy Corp. in 1980 via German
businessman Tibor Laczi and Seven Towns founder Tom Kremer, and won
the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year.
As of January 2009, 350 million cubes had been sold worldwide making it
the world's top-selling puzzle game. It is widely considered to be the
world's best-selling toy.
In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by
nine stickers, each of one of six solid colours (traditionally white, red,
blue, orange, green, and yellow, where white is opposite yellow, blue is
opposite green, and orange is opposite red, and the red, white and blue are
arranged in that order in a clockwise arrangement). An internal pivot
mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the colours.
For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be returned to consisting of one
colour. Similar puzzles have now been produced with various numbers of sides,
dimensions, and stickers, not all of them by Rubik.
Although the Rubik's Cube reached its height of mainstream
popularity in the 1980s, it is still widely known and used. Many speed cubers continue
to practice it and other twisty puzzles and compete for the fastest times in
various categories. Since 2003, The World Cube Association, the Rubik's
Cube's international governing body, has organized competitions and kept the official
world records.
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