A normal laptop will work only in normal condition, but space is always abnormal condition which can be as cold as minus 250 degrees Fahrenheit. In the sunlight, they can be as hot as 250 degrees. unexpected radiations, unexpected rays. While looking at the question I thought, A normal laptop is designed for a normal person to work under normal condition, not for an Astronaut, so why are they different, just think why does a Astronauts need a spacesuits. A spacesuit protects astronauts from those extreme temperatures. Spacesuits also protect astronauts from radiation in space.
* Space is a very very cold or very very hot place
* You don't have Air in space
* No Atmospheric pressure
* Unexpected Radiations
* Every electronic device have operating temperature.
* Ultra Violet Radiation
* Gama Rays
Inside a spaceship the ambient conditions are maintained as on earth, so inside a spaceship a Laptop can be used under normal condition.
Something like Atmospheric Pressure, this will be the important reason. Because every electronic device is designed to function in the earth environmental condition only.
If you take the Laptop specification and see it will be mentioned as under normal environmental conditions. All the electronic devices are designed to work under normal climatic condition only.
Gamma rays are very causal in the space which are very dangerous for electronics devices.
So here is the conclusion
* LCD its nothing but Liquid Crystal Display, which are arranged in a way where liquid particles move from one place to another, as there is no atmospheric pressure, the liquid will try to come out and the display will get black. As what happens when you take a pen into space.
* second thing is the battery same logic, as there is no atmospheric pressure, the liquid will try to come out and start leaking.
* third thing is the Capacitor, as there is no atmospheric pressure, the liquid will try to come out and start leaking.
* the fourth thing is Gama rays, they are very dangerous which can blast any electronic device.
* the 5th thing is the Ultraviolet radiation which has capacity to damage programmable chips and integrated circuits.
* the final thing as everybody said is heat. As there is no air in the space. The heat generated by the Laptop cannot be transferred throw any medium.
So what Laptop do they use.
Think Pad is the only laptop certified for use on the International Space Station (ISS). Think Pads have been used aboard the International Space Station since 1998.

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